Materials
The difference in price between the three is pennies a sheet, so choose the one that suits the surface rather than the one that saves money.
Indoors, stays dry
A matt-coated paper face with a permanent adhesive. It takes ink beautifully — colours look a little softer and less plasticky than they do on vinyl — and it is the cheapest way to put your artwork on something.
Waterproof, outdoors
A white polymeric vinyl. It shrugs off water, sunlight and a dishwasher cycle, and it will not tear if someone picks at a corner. This is the default, and what most people mean when they say "sticker".
Transparent background
The same vinyl without the white face, so whatever is underneath shows through. Your design appears to sit on the glass rather than on a white patch. Worth knowing: ink is not opaque, so pale colours will pick up the colour behind them.
Sticker sheets are printed on vinyl and cut through the face but not the backing, so the stickers peel off one at a time and the sheet stays in one piece. There is no material choice there — vinyl is the only sensible answer for something people handle and peel.
Sticker sheets